New Solar Technology - Holographic Tuning

With the renewed emphasis on renewable energy, new technologies are emerging. Holographic tuning is one such technology and could revolutionize solar cells.

Holographic Tuning

Traditional solar panel systems are not particularly efficient and can be more than a bit of an eyesore. Since the panel systems only convert a small amount of the sunlight that hits them, there really isnt any alternative to placing the bulky beasts on your roof. Or is there?

Holographic tuning, also known as Holographic Planar Concentrator, is a new technology with one goal in mind cheaper and small solar cell collectors. The technology is based on a unique theory in which solar cells are holographically tuned to attract and focus different spectrums of sunlight on solar cells. The cells are tuned to attract certain spectrums that can be converted without excessive heat production. This allows the cells to make the maximum amount of energy while maintaining a very small size.

Current silicon cell technology is restricted to only a few spectrums and is highly inefficient as it fails to covert up to 85 percent of the sunlight into power. To make things even better, the process is being designed to tune the solar light onto both sides of each cell, thus doubling the energy output.

The primary advantage of holographic tuning is it will revolutionize the solar panel as we know it. Instead of large, bulky panels that arent particularly attractive, holographic tuning panels will look similar to regular bedroom windows, but with five or six horizontal rows of black rectangles, the cells. The prototypes are actually very striking and are a major improvement over current solar panel systems.

Prism Solar Technologies is the leading company in the holographic tuning field. The company is a subsidiary of Direct Global Power, and is pursuing the advancement of the technology through an exclusive rights license from the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Prism Solar Technologies intends to begin manufacturing of the new holographic tuning solar panels this year. Keep an eye out for these attractive, efficient solar panels.

Rick Chapo is with SolarCompanies.com, a directory of solar energy companies. Visit us to read more articles on solar power and renewable energy.

Global Warming - The Significance of Rising Water Temperatures And Climate Change

An alarm is being raised about global warming causing dramatic rises in the temperature of ocean waters. Scientists are studying warming waters all over the globe to determine the extent of this rise in temperatures.

The consequences of global warming are far-reaching. One of the most devastating effects of global warming is an impact on tropical storms. Hurricanes that would have been category 3 storms in years past are now category 4 or above because they are energized when they pick up warmer-than-normal ocean water. There has been a significant increase in these higher intensity storms over the last 35 years. In 2005, the Atlantic was bombarded with 27 tropical storms powerful enough to receive a name, and fifteen of them developed into hurricanes. Five of these storms were classified as category 4 hurricanes and four reached the level of category 5. Hurricane Katrina made a terrible mark on history in August of 2005. It became the costliest hurricane in American history and also one of most lethal.

Earth's ice is crucial in order to maintain the delicate balance in the environment. As global warming causes temperatures to rise in the oceans, glaciers and icecaps are melting more rapidly. One particular ice shelf in Antarctica, the northern section of the Larson B shelf, collapsed in recent years. Scientists suddenly realized how fast the ice shelf could disintegrate. The polar ice cap is dissolving at an astonishing rate as well--9% per decade. This recent phenomenon is a definite cause for alarm. In the last half century, the thickness of ice in the Arctic has decreased by 40%.

Perennial sea ice in the Arctic has been receding as well. In 2005 there was a record low in square miles of sea ice. Just two years later, in 2007, the record was broken again with half a million square miles less perennial ice than in 2005. Some scientists predict that all the sea ice will be gone by 2040.

Melting ice will also cause sea levels to rise. When this happens, islands are lost and coastal communities are flooded. Various suggestions have been made about the levels that the water could reach, anywhere from 10 to 23 inches by 2100.

Global warming has the potential to make the earth a very inhospitable place to live. Rising temperatures in ocean waters are a clear indication that the process has begun. With the melting of ice in the glaciers, icecaps, and on the sea, it is a matter of time before global warming has even more harmful effects. It is up to the people of the world to do what they can to stop or slow this alarming environmental problem.

Knowledge is the key to solving problems associated with the Climate Change and Global Warming situation. You can get more information at http://www.globalwarming-101.com

Zen and the Art of Reptile Maintenance

I read the book many years ago now. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance A moving book, full of wisdom and love, it is a wonderful read.

It takes you on a journey, through philosophy, life, questions of quality and quantity, in an entertaining and gentle cross country journey.

So what has the book to do with keeping reptiles? Lots actually. But I only want to deal with one of the many ideas in the book. The idea of engaging yourself fully in an activity and paying attention to details. The Zen of keeping reptiles.

The author and journeyman, Robert Pirsig, looks after his motorcycle on the journey by paying attention to details and doing the maintenance and the little things regularly and enveloping himself in the activity and the moment as he does so. So it should be with your reptiles.

Spot cleaning your cages every day will make looking after the cages much easier. I keep a small spray bottle next to the cages, along with paper towels. This means I can clean up any fecal matter straight away. I can also spray this or any urine and clean it off there and then. This simple procedure means that cleaning the cages is much easier when I do a full clean out and disinfect. At the moment the bottle is pure water as I also use it to spray the bearded dragons greens but I think I might make a separate one with a mild detergent mix - better not confuse them.

Water is checked daily and the water bowls given a wash and clean out weekly (or daily if there is any fecal matter or contaminants in the bowl). I am lucky enough to have filtered water available so this reduces the growth of moulds and algae in the water bowls significantly as the water has no nutrients. But only if I thoroughly clean the water bowls.

A scrubbing brush is important when cleaning the water bowls and the cage furniture. The artificial rock material that the bowls are made of will collect algae, urine, feces and moulds in all of the crevices, so a scrubbing brush will allow you to get as much as this a removed as possible.

Also, using bleach to disinfect it on a regular basis (or if it has fecal matter on it) is important. Make sure you thoroughly rinse the bowls and other cage furniture with fresh water once you have cleaned them. There are a number of commercial reptile cage cleaning materials on the market if you want to use these as well, but to date I have not had to use any of these.

Regularly examine you reptiles closely. Get them out and look carefully at them, all over. Examine their eyes, their mouths, their body and their cloaca (snakes rear end used for waste and reproductive discharges). If you have lizards, check the feet carefully. Look for anything unusual. If you examine you reptile regularly, you will more than likely readily notice anything unusual, as you have looked thoroughly at them before. Remember to treat them gently while doing this to keep your trust with your pet and not give them fright if you can avoid it.

Paying attention to details is important. You will appreciate your fascinating friend much more when you look closely and see how fantastic and interesting they really are.

Make sure the food you are feeding your reptile is in good condition and if it is vegetable matter, make sure it is fresh. You wouldn't eat two week old, limp, or slimy bok choi. So why should your lizard? If the food looks bad enough so that you wouldn't want to eat it, dont feed it to your pet. Never re-freeze mice or rats. Its not bait (no wonder I cant catch a fish).

These are just a few things to help you look after your pet. Involve yourself fully in the moment and the activity of care and maintenance and enjoy it for what it is. You'll find you pet reptile much more rewarding.

Mark Chapple is the Author of "How to Build Reptile Enclosures"Find out how to build reptile cages. Full color pictures, detailed diagrams and easy to follow, step-by-step instructions.http://www.reptile-cage-plans.com

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Chemistry - 7.5 Secrets of the Periodic Table

If you desire to improve your chemistry grade take the time to master the secrets of the periodic table. The periodic table is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. It is probably second only to the scientific method. So, it is imperative that you master how to use the periodic table.

Secret #1 The Atomic Number

The atomic is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is the number of protons that determines the element. The atomic number of hydrogen is "1" and hydrogen has only one proton. The elements are arranged in the periodic table according to the atomic number.

Secret #2 The Modern Periodic Law

The periodic law, first presented by Dmitri Mendeleev and then modified by Henry Moseley, states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of the atomic number. Which means that there is a repeating pattern in the order of the elements.

Secret #3 The Periods and Families

The seven periods (rows) of the periodic table represent the seven energy levels that the electrons occupy. The eight families (columns) represent the orbital positions of the valence electrons of the elements.

Secret #4 Electron Configuration

The periodic table also accounts for the electron configuration of an electron. The first two families represent the "s" orbitals and the next six families represent the "p" orbitals. It is imperative that you take the time to understand how to write an electron configuration especially for valence electrons.

Secret #5 Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy levels. It is important to master this concept because the valence electrons are the electrons involved in bonding. You determine the valence electrons by counting the "s" and "p" electrons in that period. You can determine that fluorine has seven valence electrons by going to the second period and count over seven times.

How many bonds that fluorine will form is determined by whether fluorine will gain or lose electrons.

Secret #6 The Octet Rule

The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to obtain a noble gas configuration. A noble gas configuration is the most stable situation and nature tends toward stability.

Whether the atom will gain or lose electrons depends on which requires the least energy. Since it will be easier to gain one electron than lose seven, fluorine will tend to gain one electron creating an anion.

So, fluorine will tend to form one bond.

Secret #7 The Driving Force

The driving force behind chemical bonding is the tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons in order to obtain a noble gas configuration. If an atom requires two electrons to obtain a noble gas configuration then it will gain two electrons by sharing electrons (covalent) or by taking electrons (ionic).

Secret #7.5 Exceptions

It is extremely important that you remain flexible when study chemistry or any science because there are almost always exceptions to the rule. Therefore be prepared for complications or exceptions and learn these exceptions. Don't fight it, just do it.

If you truly want a better understanding of chemistry you must learn the secrets of the periodic table and practice these secrets regularly. I invite you learn more about the "16 must know elements" or chemistry success by going to http://yourChemcoach.com

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Mealworms
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Supplies
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Coupons Petco
Armor
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Wenches
Breyer
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Resin Horses
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Eyebrow Rings
Navel Rings
Anklets
Taguanutcarvings
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Animalartpetportraits
Mens Boots
Womens Shoes
Guidetobuyingonline
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Other Geckos In Comparison With The Leopard Gecko
About Lizards The Leopard Gecko As A Pet
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Breeding Leopard Geckos The Right Way
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